A nature-based Liverpool is on the way
The English city is renaturing itself, hence becoming more resilient to climate change and improving citizens' quality of life. A decisive contribution comes from a series of nature-based solutions recently installed as part of the European project URBAN GreenUP
To date, 70% of Europe's population lives in cities, a figure which is expected to increase to over 80% in just thirty years. The consequences of such aggressive urbanisation are already tangible, ranging from health issues to environmental disasters. But what we are harming is what can save us, as nature inspires innovative ideas for making our cities more liveable and resilient to climate change. These ideas are called nature-based solutions (NBS) and many examples can be enjoyed since last summer in Liverpool, the English city on the river Mersey which has embarked on a green journey through initiatives such as the URBAN GreenUP project.
The NBSs have recently installed across the city and come in great a variety of formats, namely green walls, ecosystem islands, sustainable drainage systems and tree planting. Their design and installation were overseen by the local URBAN GreenUP partners: Liverpool City Council, Mersey Forest and Liverpool University
Green Walls
Green walls have been installed across the front of Parr Street Car Park and at the St John's Shopping Centre. The former consists of a living surface of 132 square meters of fronds, foliage and flora, for a total of more than 12,000 plants and flowers (watch this video). The latter is one of the longest in the UK, being 65 meters long filled with over 14,000 evergreen plants (watch this video). Both walls will improve air quality (by releasing oxygen and capturing particles from vehicles exhaust fumes) and enhance biodiversity (by encouraging more pollinating insects). They may also have an impact on the cooling and insulation of the buildings on which they are installed.
"The living green wall will be good for attracting pollinators—so increasing biodiversity, as well as adapting to climate change and for business" says Clare Olver from The Mersey Forest on the green wall on the exterior of St John's Shopping Centre. "There are 17 species of plants in the living green wall which Biotecture has designed in co-ordination with the Bumblebee Conservation Trust. We are looking forward to seeing how this, together with the new roof garden at Royal Court Theatre, can benefit both wildlife and people right in the heart of our city."
Read more:
· A Small Piece of a Big Puzzle at Parr Street
· Living green wall on Parr street
· Living green wall installed in Liverpool
Ecosystem islands
Two ecosystem islands have been launched at Liverpool's historic waterfront at Wapping Dock and Sefton park. The one at Wapping Dock is a saltwater/estuarine ecosystem with a surface of 63 square meters (watch this video). It has a submerged shingle shelf for small fish and a submerged 'reef' made of empty oyster shells in cages, and it is planted with saltwater tolerant reeds, grasses and flowering plants. The goal of the installation is to boost biodiversity in the dock waters, to signpost the new green route and to raise awareness of the role of nature-based solutions. The 25 square meter freshwater floating ecosystem island in Sefton park (watch this video) will also improve local biodiversity by providing a home for pollinators. Moreover, the roots of the planted reeds will help clean the water and improve water quality.
"Green infrastructure has to be a key part of current and future cities" said Juliet Staples from Liverpool City Council in an interview with Biomatrix Water, the ecological technology company which installed the saltwater Wapping dock island. "Not only does it make for a more pleasant city but the environmental, social and economic benefits that green and blue infrastructure provides also help cities adapt to future predicted climate change impacts and become more resilient. In this context, floating ecosystems can form part of a suite of options for cities wanting to increase their biodiversity and make their cities more liveable".
Sustainable Drainage Systems
Two water retention ponds have been created at the Otterspool park site, namely at the Jericho lane entrance and in a lower section of the park. The two ponds will hold excess water during periods of heavy rainfall and wet weather, thus reducing local surface water flooding. Bird and bat boxes have also been installed and a viewing platform has been provided to accommodate small school groups, whereas peripheral aquatic vegetation and wildflower/woodland sowings will bring added biodiversity benefit.
Moreover, 14 trees have been planted as part of the advanced works for a different, larger city connectivity project. Together with the additional 15 that will be planted in autumn 2020, they will provide a sustainable urban drainage system on the main city highway. Excess surface water from the roadway will be diverted into these linked tree pits. The trees will work together to help 'slow the flow' of water by reducing and delaying flood waters entering the main drainage system. Moreover, the water exiting from the linked tree system will be cleaner and less polluted. Two large shade trees and two large cooling trees will also be planted as part of the URBAN GreenUP contribution to the initial phase of this connectivity scheme.
Tree planting
A programme of tree planting was carried out in late 2019/early 2020 in and close to the URBAN GreenUP demo areas. Trees were planted in soft ground locations along the proposed green corridor routes. Several of the trees were planted in the gardens of social housing providers and a collection of fruit trees was planted in Otterspool Park to provide a community orchard. Additional tree planting was also carried out across the city by Mersey Forest under a number of different initiatives and delivery programmes. A further programme of tree planting is planned in autumn 2020 on city council owned land, private land and along the grassed edges of roads and highways.
FURTHER INFORMATION
URBAN GreenUP is a project funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730426. It aims at developing Renaturing Urban Plans, which include actions focused on mitigating the effects and risks of climate change and improving the air quality and water management of cities through NBS. URBAN GreenUP is run by an international consortium of 25 partners from 9 countries, coordinated by the CARTIF Technology Centre. Activities will take place in the three demonstrator cities of Valladolid (Spain), Liverpool (UK) and Izmir (Turkey) and will be replicated across Europe, Latin America and Asia.
Provided by iCube Programme